Blender 3D: Шаг за шагом/Процедурный метод создания глаз

Материал из Blender3D.

Шаблон:B3D:N2P/NAV Level: intermediate
Version: 2.43

Building a better (procedural) eyeball!
Originally created by Jon McKay (Ammusionist) and posted on blenderartists.org/forum
[1] The end result of this tutorial is an eyeball that fulfills the following requirements:

Single mesh
- I wanted to be able to append a single object into any project.
Procedural Textures
- I didn't want to have to rely on image maps that could get lost.
Versatile
- One single model to be used for any type of character, be it human, alien or whatever.
Easy
- Any effects needed to be quickly accessible. I don't want to be wasting time faffing around with colour-band settings at the texture level
Impressive
- This sucker needs to look good any way it goes.
One other thing I really wanted was the iris musculature to follow the pupil dilation!

[править]

Creating the Mesh

The objective here is to make a great looking eyeball. That means it may not be anatomically perfect, but there are some things we need to take into account: The eye should consist of a white (white bit with veins); an iris (coloured bit); a pupil (black but in the centre of the iris) and a cornea (clear bit surrounding the whole eye). These may not be absolutely correct, but these are how I'm referring to the pieces of the eye.

Start with a ball: Go to a front view (Keypad-1) and create a UV sphere. 24 Rings and segments should be sufficient. It'll give us plenty of smoothness and enough verts to work with when we create shapes.
This sphere will become the coloured parts of the eye, but we also need a second sphere for the cornea. Use the Z key to switch to a wireframe view (if you're not already there). Hit the A key a couple of times to ensure all points are selected then Shift-D to duplicate the sphere.
Press S-Key to scale and scale the second sphere to slightly larger than the first. (Hint: Hold shift while scaling for fine adjustment) or you could also enter a value, 1.01.
Now that we have a nice confusing mesh, we're going to make our life easier. We're going to hide the outer bit for the moment. Hit the "H" key.
Don't panic like I did the first time I accidentally hit H, you can bring it all back with Alt-H. (Note: In blender Alt + some key often reverses the effect of pressing the key in the first place!)
OK Now to create the basic mesh for the inner part. Basically, we need to make a concave iris/pupil section.
Switch to a side view and use the Border Select (B-Key) to select the first four rings and the tip. Now we're going to flatten these. Press "S" for scale "Y" for Y axis only and "number 0" for scale-to zero.
Now grab the flattened verts with the "G" key and press Y so that it goes the right way, and drag it a little into the eyeball.
Now for the cornea. It's not perfectly spherical; it bulges slightly at the front. We're going to use the Proportional Editing tool.
First, we need to un-hide the cornea. Hit Alt-H
Usually you would use the O-Key, but this little menu item allows you to to activate proportional editing for Connected vertices.
Once activated, you can select the type of falloff from the 3D header bar. Select “Root Falloff”
Press A-Key a couple of times again to make sure no points are selected, switch to a side view (Keypad-3) and right click just to the left of the front-most point. We just want to select that one vertex.
Now comes some fun. We want to drag that point into the eye in the y axis, so press “G” for grab and “Y” for Y axis. As you move the vertex, you'll see a circle that defines the influence of the proportional editing. Adjust it so it is about ¼ the height of the whole eye and drag it out until it looks right.
To clean the model up, we're going to apply a subsurface and apply some smoothing. Go to the editing buttons and find the modifier panel.
Add a subsurface modifier and set both level and render level to 2.
Now hit Tab to switch to Object mode and hit the "Set Smooth" button in the Link and Materials panel.
Now would be a good time to save your work before we go on to textures.